How to start a business - a step-by-step plan from scratch for beginners. What do you need to open an IP? What are the conditions for opening an IP

Cafe is the most popular business format Catering. It doesn't take a multi-million dollar to start this business. costs. With a good work of the cafe, it is easy to acquire a permanent loyal clientele. You can work in one place for decades and even pass this business on by inheritance.

But in order for the cafe to bring a constant stable income, before opening it, you need to study the key points of this business. Of course, nothing can replace your real experience, but still, it is worth knowing where to start if you decide to open your cafe from scratch.

For our users, we wrote a book about opening a small cafe, where we collected only practical advice, examples and calculations. It's a little more than just step-by-step instruction so we highly recommend you read it.

What will you learn by reading our book? Before you open your cafe, you need to answer a number of questions:

Where will you open a cafe? It will be a shopping center, a busy street, a residential area or a closed area such as office center, universities, enterprises?
Are there enough potential clients? How to estimate the expected attendance of your cafe?
How are your competitors doing? What niche in the catering market can you occupy?
Where to buy equipment, furniture and utensils for your cafe?
How to legally resolve the issue with musical accompaniment?
What do you need to get permission to open a cafe?

Our instruction book will tell you where to start to open your own cafe. But we did not limit ourselves only to describing the procedure for opening a cafe. You will also learn how to evaluate the restaurant's menu for profitability, what are the performance indicators of a working cafe, what should your chef do, and what area of responsibility should you control yourself.

How much does it cost to open a cafe from scratch

To understand how much money you need to open a cafe, you need to decide on the format of your establishment. At the preliminary stage of assessing the location, activities of competitors, possible attendance, average check, you can already assume what daily income your cafe will bring. A good payback period for a cafe would be one year of full operation, and that's what you need to base your calculations on how much money you need to open your cafe.

All costs for opening a cafe from scratch can be divided into one-time and those that will have to be borne for the entire period of the cafe's operation. Let's collect this data in a table:

We did not indicate in the table the most important item of expenditure - for the premises, since the situation here may be different:

Do you already have your own cafe space?
Are you planning to buy a property?
cafe space will be rented.

Most often, the premises for a cafe are rented. There are several reasons for this. Firstly, areas where there is good attendance are often located in shopping centers, where premises can only be rented. Secondly, renting rather than buying premises reduces the cost of opening a cafe. Thirdly, despite all the preliminary calculations, the location of the cafe may turn out to be unsuccessful.

You need to rent a space for a cafe wisely. About what you need to pay attention to when concluding a lease agreement with the owner, we told in our book. Well, if the premises are yours, congratulations, your risks when opening a cafe from scratch will be much less.

In each case, the amount of expenses when opening a cafe from scratch will be different. In our book, we calculated in detail and to the smallest detail the cost of opening a summer-type cafe for 20 people. One-time expenses amounted to 500 thousand rubles, plus 330 thousand rubles amounted to fixed costs for the first month of the cafe, taking into account the rent of the premises. Total, 830 thousand rubles.

For business starters, we advise you to consider the option of a franchise in the field of catering. Opening a franchise cafe in some cases will be cheaper, due to the fact that the franchisor is interested in promoting his brand. For example, he may offer you equipment in installments, for rent, or even for free use. Of course, he will reimburse his expenses later when he receives monthly payments from you, but at the first stage, running a franchise cafe will help you start making a profit faster.

When choosing a franchise, keep in mind that the cost and income examples in the franchisor's proposal may not be entirely accurate. The franchisor is interested in selling you a franchise, so recalculate all the figures given yourself and add those costs that are not taken into account in his rosy picture.

Are you planning to start your own business? Do not forget about the current account - it will simplify doing business, paying taxes and insurance premiums. Especially now, many banks offer favorable conditions for opening and maintaining a current account. You can get acquainted with the offers on our site.

How to open a cafe from scratch: a business plan

Do I need a business plan to open a cafe? If we talk about a professionally written document with formulas, graphs and market research, then it will cost a lot. Unfortunately, even an expensive document prepared by specialists will not guarantee you the declared income figures. A business plan is just a plan; only the cost figures will be more or less accurate in it.

Nevertheless, before you open your own cafe, you must definitely calculate its revenue side. Yes, it will only be assumed, but you have to imagine what you can expect with a good organization of the cafe.

We propose to replace a professional business plan for opening a cafe with an example with calculations of expenses and revenues. You can also find such an example in our book. In this example, we calculated not only the amount of expenses, but also how many visitors should enter the cafe, what should be the average bill, and what could be the payback period of your cafe.

What documents are needed to open a cafe

What permissions are needed to open a cafe? A cafe is a public catering enterprise, and such establishments are under increased attention of supervisory authorities. Answering the question: “What does it take to open a cafe?”, we must draw your attention to the presence of certain bureaucratic barriers.

Unfortunately, the process of obtaining permits for opening a cafe can take you a lot of time. The procedure itself is not explicitly spelled out in any regulatory act, because approvals must be obtained in different services.

The package of documents for opening a cafe in 2020 will include:

coordination with the fire inspectorate;
sanitary and epidemiological conclusion from Rospotrebnadzor on the compliance of the cafe with the requirements;
permission to open a cafe from the local administration;
permission to place outdoor advertising;
a license to sell alcohol, if you sell it;
coordination with the police on the placement of a panic button.

The most difficult thing will be to get permission from Rospotrebnadzor to open a cafe, because. for this, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of several special documents (SNiP). During the issuance of the conclusion, Rospotrebnadzor will request contracts for disinfection, garbage disposal, laundry services, a technological project for connecting equipment to electricity, water, sewerage, and other documents. Further, a program of sanitary production control will be approved, according to the plan of which further activities will be checked. We advise you not to conclude a lease until you know the sanitary requirements for your type of cafe. It is possible that the room you have chosen may not correspond to them at all.

It is easier to open a cafe in a room where there was already a catering point, or in mall in the format of a food court, where the administration of the shopping center will provide some assistance in obtaining permits.

You can answer what documents are needed to open a cafe in Russia in specialized law firms, which help in obtaining various kinds of licenses, approvals, permits. It is no secret that the presence of connections, knowledge of the procedure, regional features, therefore, if you have the opportunity to order such services, you should use it.

In any case, do not despair, you can get permits to open a cafe on your own, especially since you only need to do this once. Look how many active catering outlets are around, they all managed to overcome these bureaucratic obstacles. You can too.

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If you decide to take the path of opening a catering point, most likely you have a lot of questions, including how to open a cafe, and what is needed for this. First of all, you should structure the fundamental points, which will help to get a complete picture of the actions.

Many people dream of a thriving restaurant or a comfortable and warm cafe. Becoming a good restaurateur is not easy, but real. In the article, I will offer information that will help you open a cafe and make your business prosperous.

Executives, managers, and even students prefer to eat daily at cafes rather than carrying bags of sandwiches with them.

To open an institution from scratch, you will need capital, premises and a package of documents.

Select a market segment, analyze the market and draw up a business plan.
Think over the concept of the institution. For example, it can be arranged in the form of a gallery or on wheels.
Choose the organizational and legal form of the enterprise and the taxation system.
Choose a location. If a youth institution opens, great places are in the university area. A family cafe is opened in residential areas, and a themed one is in the city center.
Based on the estimated number of customers, a menu is compiled. An excellent set - five hot dishes, twice as many salads and snacks, a dozen and a half drinks.
The list of the main components that leave an impression about the institution is presented: staff, cozy atmosphere and a certain feature.
It is better to entrust the selection of personnel to a competent recruiting agency.
Before starting repairs, obtain permission to place the establishment. This document is an official consent to the opening of a cafe in a certain room. You can get it from Rospotrebnadzor.

Permission to open will be issued by the head physician of the sanitary and epidemiological station ten days in advance. You will need the following package of documents:

IP registration certificate
Premises lease agreement
The results of the medical examination of employees
Product Conclusion.

You will also need to obtain the following permits:

Trade License
License to sell cigarettes and alcoholic beverages
A patent for conducting commercial activities.

Many people make mistakes in the preparation of these documents. A professional lawyer will help to avoid such a fate.

Detailed video instruction

Now let's talk about the cost of opening. It's hard to say how much money you'll need if you don't have a business plan handy. It all depends on the location, city, equipment, menu, etc.

You will have to spend a lot on:

room
Equipment
salary
Advertising.

Do not rush and think carefully about all the steps, because the future of the institution and profit depend on it. It only remains for me to wish you good luck in creating a business.

Where to start - action plan

I will try to help you understand the peculiarities of the restaurant business by offering a detailed step by step plan cafe openings and several important tips.

Institution format

You need to decide on the format of the institution. For example: dining room, restaurant, coffee shop, bar or cafe. Beginners are advised to start by opening a regular cafe with minimal capital investment.

Bar. Represents an establishment that has a stand with alcoholic beverages and a hall designed for an average of 30 visitors. You can't order a hot meal at the bar. It offers a fine selection of spirits, snacks and various salads.
coffee house. People come here to sit in a cozy atmosphere, have a cup of tea or coffee and a little snack. The coffee house is perfect for small companies who want to relax a little and forget about the fuss for a moment.
Cafe. Universal facility. Here you can drink, eat, dance, chat or celebrate a holiday. The menu includes hot dishes, salads, cold appetizers, desserts and drinks.

Location and design

Choice of location. The establishment must be located in a passable and crowded place. Choose a design that is comfortable, interesting and original. The interior of the premises must correspond to the concept and name of the institution. Waiters must wear stylish cafe uniforms.

Staff

Waiters are required to look beautiful and be quick-witted. Unforeseen situations often arise, and the waiter must be able to calmly and quickly solve them. They must know the names of dishes, composition and cost.
The bartender must know the names of the drinks that are available, their cost, and be well versed in the varieties of beer and wine.
The chef is the invisible flagship of the establishment. Whether the client will return to the cafe depends on his skill. The most important role is played by the quality of food.

Purchasing Products

Very important process in which the manager must also participate. Chefs try to take food in reserve. Undoubtedly, this approach is correct, but in an institution that is just opening, no one knows what kind of dishes customers will order. At first, you need to buy a little of everything.

I will give a few words to the atmosphere of the institution. It is necessary to try to create a cozy, warm and benevolent atmosphere so that the visitor has a feeling of care and love.

What to do if there is no money?

Many aspiring entrepreneurs are interested in how to open a business without investment. I will give a brief instruction that will help you understand how to open a cafe without money.

You need to draw up a business plan. In the document, lay down the amount required at the initial stage and make an estimate, which includes the payment of personnel, utilities, advertising, the cost of products and the rental of premises. Be sure to include planned income
Go with a business plan to the bank for a loan. Provide information correctly and truthfully.
Discuss opening a cafe with relatives and old friends. Perhaps they will lend the necessary amount. It is better to pay interest to a loved one than to a banking organization.
If you have a wealthy friend, offer him a partnership.
If you managed to get funds, immediately start thinking how to make money and become a millionaire. Initially, this is problematic, since the cafe will be little visited. Advertising or a promoted network portal will come to the rescue.
You can start a page on the Internet about a cafe, launch advertising campaign on third party portals. Use social media actively for promotional purposes.

Be persistent and confidently go to achieve your goal.

12 steps to open a fast food cafe

The concept of "fast food" appeared recently, but fast food establishments instantly gained popularity. This market segment is attractive to start-up entrepreneurs. It does not require large expenses to open such an institution.

A fast food cafe is a place where you can have a quick and inexpensive meal. The service time does not exceed 5 minutes, and the duration of the client's stay is on average 30 minutes. Success directly depends on the high turnover of seats.

Choose a place. It should be distinguished by high traffic, meet the requirements of the fire inspection and SES.
Decide on the type of establishment. Often, fast food cafes use ready-made semi-finished products that are reheated or finished after the visitor's order. Suppliers prepare semi-finished products.
If you want to make semi-finished products yourself, for example, tacos, you will need to equip an additional room for processing vegetables, cutting fish and meat.
There are several types of fast food. It is necessary to determine the variety. This depends on the technology. Places like McDonald's. Cafe of a certain national cuisine. Establishments that put the product concept at the forefront - dumplings, pizzerias or pancakes.
Having solved the issue of renting a room, equip the interior. Most often, fast food cafes cannot boast of exquisite design and artsy atmosphere. Not surprising, because they are not focused on a long pastime.
The main feature of "fast food" is the strictest standardization. It is exposed to utensils, equipment, assortment and even the interior. This is due to the wide development of networks of such establishments. If you decide to open a fast food cafe, be sure to find out if it is more profitable to organize a franchise business.
Such establishments provide self-service, waiters are not required. However, you can't do without a cleaning lady, dishwashers, assistants and cooks.
Hire only sociable, agile and stress-resistant workers. They should know regulations in trade and catering.

How to open a cafe on the highway

I often have to drive a car for long distances. After sitting behind the wheel for several hours in a row, there is a desire to make a stop, look into a cozy cafe and relax a bit.

At the same time, many people are not satisfied with the salary level, and they begin to think about opening their own business - a cafe on the highway. This type of restaurant business deserves special attention.

Get a place for a fast food outlet. Visit the road construction department, where you can find out which area the land belongs to.
After that, go to the district administration and write an application for the provision of a plot for rent or property.
Be sure to register an individual entrepreneur or legal entity. For a small cafe, IP is enough. If the plans include opening a network of fast food outlets, registration of a legal entity is indispensable.
Make a project and business plan. With these documents, go to the administration for approval. After that, you will receive permission to open a cafe.
Once you have received the land, contact a licensed architect. Draw up a sketch and project of the building, resolve issues related to communications.
Take the project and sketch of the cafe to the urban planning department. Here you will receive an agreement. Together with him go to the SES, fire protection, administration.
After completing the construction of the building, invite a special commission that will carefully examine the structure and make a final verdict.
Before opening, invite SES employees. They will inspect the cafe and issue a conclusion. The building must have sewerage, water supply and a bathroom.
The last point will be put by experts of fire protection.

get busy restaurant business you can only after obtaining all the necessary permits. Then it remains to hire qualified personnel and get to work.

Finally, I will add, if you intend to open such an institution, do not rush to show off among friends. It is better to let them know after the doors of the cafe open to visitors. There are envious people who seek to destroy the enthusiasm of a person who decides to open a business. They say that nothing will work, there is a crisis in the country, all the money will be spent in vain.

The first question that interests all future entrepreneurs is how much it costs to open an IP. In the case of self-registration of an individual entrepreneur, the cost will be equal to the amount of the state duty - 800 rubles. Self-registration of an individual entrepreneur is not difficult and at the same time allows you to save up to 8,000 rubles on paying for lawyers and a notary. depending on the region.

The second question is what documents are required to open an IP. Everything is also extremely simple here, for registering an individual entrepreneur, only a passport and a TIN, if any, are enough. Registration of IP is carried out only at the place of registration of physical. persons (registration in the passport), and an individual entrepreneur can conduct his activities throughout Russia.

The third question is how long it will take to open an IP. The term for registering an individual entrepreneur is established by law and is equal to 3 working days. After receiving the documents evidencing the registration of an individual entrepreneur, you can immediately start working.

The final fourth question is what to do after registering an IP and what taxes the IP pays. The entire procedure for opening an IP on your own for free, as well as the sequence of actions after opening an IP, is presented in our complete step-by-step instructions for opening an IP in 2020.

How to open an IP step by step instructions 2020

Step 1. Prepare an application P21001 for opening an IP

Currently, online services for preparing documents for registration of individual entrepreneurs and LLCs are gaining popularity. Their main advantage, in addition to speed and convenience, is the correct filling out of the application for state registration an individual as an individual entrepreneur in the form P21001, an error in which may result in a refusal to register an individual entrepreneur. You enter the necessary data directly through the pages of the site and at the output you get documents ready for printing and filing for state registration of individual entrepreneurs.

One of these services is implemented by our partner - Online service for preparing documents for registration of IP in 15 minutes. The service is provided free of charge.

Even if you have not yet decided on opening an individual entrepreneur, you can prepare documents using the service right now, and later submit them for state registration at a convenient time for you.

You can also fill out an application for opening an IP on your own. To do this, you need to download the form P21001 of an application for state registration of an individual as an individual entrepreneur, approved by Order of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated January 25, 2012 No. ММВ-7-6 / [email protected]

Approach the issue of filling out this application with all responsibility, because the new form P21001 is machine-readable, which means that any deviation from the standard may result in a refusal to register an individual entrepreneur. In case of refusal, you will have to fill out and re-submit the application, as well as re-pay the state duty of 800 rubles.

Attention! When specifying the code of the subject of the Russian Federation 77 (Moscow) or 78 (St. Petersburg), clause 6.4. The city is not full.

The choice of OKVED should be approached carefully, choosing the OKVED code that corresponds specifically to your field of activity, so that in further work there are no questions and claims from regulatory authorities. Preliminarily familiarize yourself with the types of activities prohibited for individual entrepreneurs.

Attention! One code must contain at least 4 digits. Additional codes are entered line by line from left to right.

4. On Sheet B of the application, we indicate the procedure for issuing documents and a contact phone number. Fields Full name and the applicant's signature are filled in only by hand in black ink in the presence of a tax inspector when applying for state registration. It is not required to certify your signature with a notary when personally submitting documents for registration of IP.

Attention! We print out the finished application P21001 in one copy. Double-sided printing of the application is prohibited. Completed application sheets do not need to be stapled or stapled.

If you have any difficulties filling out the P21001 application form or you are afraid of making a mistake and being refused, we advise you to use the free online service for preparing documents for registering an individual entrepreneur provided by our partner.

Step 2. Choose an IP taxation system

It is necessary to decide on the taxation system before submitting an application for opening an IP, since the regime will be applied from the date of registration of the IP. A notice of the future taxation regime can be submitted immediately with an application for registration of an individual entrepreneur.

The best option for beginner entrepreneurs is one of two types of simplified taxation system (STS):

Income (STS 6%)- 6% of the total amount of income is paid, while expenses are not taken into account at all and do not affect the amount of tax.

Income reduced by the amount of expenses (STS 15%)- tax is paid on the difference between income and documented expenses. The rate is 15%, but in the regions of power for different types its activities can be reduced (the rate should be viewed in the regional law).

You can read about the patent taxation system (PSN) in the article - IP Patent. There is also a UTII regime (single tax on imputed income), but an application for switching to UTII is submitted only when you actually begin to carry out "imputed" activities. When registering an individual entrepreneur, such an application is not submitted. If you plan to choose UTII or PSN, it is still recommended to apply for the simplified tax system. Read more about the simplified taxation system in the article - All about the simplified tax system.

Step 3. Pay the state duty for opening an IP

The state duty for opening an IP is 800 rubles. To generate a receipt for payment of the state duty, use the service of the Federal Tax Service "Payment of state duty". Tax details are entered automatically when forming the state duty in accordance with the address you entered. After generating the receipt, you will only have to print it and pay it at any bank without commission. The service also allows you to make non-cash electronic payments with the help of partner banks of the Federal Tax Service, thus eliminating a trip to the bank.

Step 4. Check the package of documents for opening an IP and take it to the tax

You must have an application for registration of an individual entrepreneur (one copy), a notification of the transition to the simplified tax system (two copies), the original receipt for payment of the state duty, a passport with a photocopy of it. At the Federal Tax Service Inspectorate, in the presence of a tax inspector, fill out the full name field with a pen with black ink. and put the applicant's signature on Sheet B of application P21001. As a result, the inspector will issue you a receipt of receipt of the documents submitted by the applicant to the registration authority.

You can find out the address, work schedule and telephone numbers of the tax office at the place of your registration using the "" service.

You can track the state of readiness of documents using the service "Information about legal entities and individual entrepreneurs in respect of which documents for state registration are submitted".

Step 5. Take the documents evidencing the opening of an individual entrepreneur from the regulatory authorities

After 3 working days, the documents on registration of IP (subject to the correct execution of the documents submitted for registration) will be ready.

To receive them, you must have a passport with you and a receipt for receiving documents (issued by the inspector of the Federal Tax Service when submitting documents for registration of an individual entrepreneur);

Upon successful registration of IP, you will be issued the following documents:

Certificate of state registration of an individual as an individual entrepreneur with the specified PSRNIP number (the main state registration number of an individual entrepreneur);

Certificate of registration - a document on the assignment of TIN (taxpayer identification number). It indicates the IFTS, to which you will need to report, your TIN and the date of registration;

Record sheet of the unified state register of individual entrepreneurs (USRIP record sheet).

The application of the USN will confirm the second copy of the notification (you submit two copies when registering an IP, one with a tax mark remains with you). If necessary, in addition to the IFTS, you can request an information letter on the application of the simplified tax system. It is sometimes required by counterparties to confirm the application of the simplified taxation system.

Step 6. Wait for a response from the FIU on registering an individual entrepreneur

After registering an individual entrepreneur, information is automatically transferred to the FIU, where the entrepreneur is also registered. This is necessary to pay fixed contributions IP. You will receive registration documents by mail to your registration address. If within a month there is no response from the fund, you should contact the FIU (in person or by phone). You may need to come to the FIU to obtain documents.

You will need to take with you:

A copy and original of the IP Registration Certificate (the document where the OGRNIP number is indicated);

A copy and original of the USRIP record sheet.

An individual entrepreneur without employees is not registered with the FSS.

Step 7. Get IP statistics codes

A notification (letter) on the assignment of statistics codes is issued by Rosstat. This document is for informational purposes only and is not mandatory. But, in addition to other codes, it indicates an important code - OKPO, which is needed when compiling reports. In addition, some banks still require notification of codes when opening a checking account. Therefore, it is better to have this document on hand. You can receive and print a notification with statistics codes on your own on the website or by contacting your branch of Rosstat.

Step 8. Print IP

The use of seals is being phased out and sole proprietors are not required to have one. However, in some cases, a seal is still required (for example, when issuing a power of attorney to the court). In addition, the customs of business turnover still keep the memory of seals. Counterparties will trust and trust your documents more if they are imprinted. Therefore, we recommend making an IP seal. There are no requirements for the print, usually stamp manufacturers have ready-made forms and print samples. In the future, you can apply your print as needed.

Step 11. Decide if you will have employees

If an individual entrepreneur will hire employees (under an employment or civil law contract), then it is necessary to additionally register separately as an employer with the Pension Fund and the Social Insurance Fund. It is not necessary to do this directly when registering an IP. When there is a need for workers, then before concluding the first contract with the physical. an individual entrepreneur should go through the procedure of registration as an employer in the FIU and the FSS. Registration as an employer and the presence of employees will require you to submit additional reports to the FIU and the FSS.

Step 12. Submit a notice of IP activity

The commencement of some activities must be reported. The notification is submitted not upon the fact that the OKVED code is indicated in the application for registration of an individual entrepreneur, but when you actually begin to carry out the corresponding type of activity.

The notification is submitted by individual entrepreneurs working in the field retail, provision of transport services and services to the population (individuals). A complete list of specific types of activities that need to be notified is contained in Appendix No. 1 to the Rules approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 16, 2009 No. 584.

Step 13. Choose where to keep documents and how to submit IP reports

Keep records of your activities from the first day. The book of accounting for income and expenses is maintained according to established rules, transactions, income and expenses should be recorded from the very beginning. And the first payment to the budget (for optimal taxation) is to be made at the end of the current quarter.

Options may be as follows:

Hire an accountant;

Understand everything on your own, keep accounts in Excel, and submit reports personally to the Federal Tax Service or send them by mail;

Leave your comments and suggestions for improving this article in the comments. Article views

What you need to know to open a store from scratch

People will never stop buying. And this is a big plus, so more and more stores are opening around. Great startup for a beginner! Simple and understandable workflows, easy forecasting of income and expenses, fast payback.

But there are also disadvantages:

Competition. Half of entrepreneurs start their way into business from a store;
High entry threshold. To open your outlet, you will need an average of 500,000 rubles;
A lot of routine: negotiations with tenants and suppliers, tracking the balance of goods, paying taxes and much more;
Seasonality is another risk factor. For example, construction products sell well in summer, but sales fall with cold weather. Other stores, on the contrary, make a cash register in winter, and wait for the weather by the sea in summer;
The risk of losing everything ... or almost everything. If the business does not go well, you will have to sell the equipment for a penny, and throw off the goods in bulk or give them away to friends.

Where to open your store

After weighing all the pros and cons, we will decide which store to open: do it in a "street" format or place it in a shopping center. Each option has advantages and disadvantages.

Store located on the street always in front of buyers, which means that the client’s path to the product is shorter here: I saw it in the window - I liked it - I went in - I bought it.

The owner will be able to set the opening hours and choose the design to your liking. In addition, the rent here is often lower than in the shopping center. But in this case, you will have to independently communicate with regulatory authorities, coordinate signs, pay utility bills and ensure security.

Human traffic on the streets depends on the day of the week (weekdays / weekends), time of year and weather.

Shopping centersspecially designed to generate buyers: weekdays or weekends, sun or rain, winter or summer - it doesn't matter. Favorable proximity to entertainment points (cinema, attractions) and catering allows you to hook even those who were not originally going to buy anything.

The administration of the shopping center itself settles problems with control, pays for water and electricity, and organizes security and advertising of shopping facilities. Having parking is also a huge plus.

But in a shopping center, small businesses run the risk of getting lost among the same type of stores: the best places here usually go to large chains. The entrepreneur will have to adapt to the opening hours of the center and the accepted style of the outlet.

Each shopping center has a concept of occupancy and development. According to it, a decision is made to whom the premises can be rented out, and to whom not. For example, if the shopping center already has a gift shop, a tea or coffee boutique, it will not work to open a second one there.

How to choose a store location

How much does it cost to open your store?

Let's move on to the most interesting: how much does it cost to launch a store. The price of the issue depends on many factors: region, location, area and specialization.

How to open your store from scratch - step by step instructions

Step 1. Evaluate the available resources to start

To open a store from scratch, you need your own funds. You can take a loan, but not more than 50% of all investments. Otherwise, there is a risk of falling into a debt hole.

In addition, the success of the enterprise depends on intangible resources. For example, it is easier to start a business if you already have experience, or if an experienced entrepreneur friend helps you. Useful connections, for example, in the tax office, also greatly increase the chances of success.

Step 2. Which store is profitable to open: we determine the niche and product

Choosing a niche well is half the battle. The following factors must be taken into account:

Level of competition- if there is already a grocery store in the neighborhood, it makes no sense to open another one of the same kind, it is better to occupy a narrow niche. For example, next to the giant "Magnet" you can open a bakery, butcher's shop or a tea shop;
seasonality: it is better to start at that time of the year, which is the peak of sales in the chosen niche. For example, a draft beer outlet is launched in the summer, and the best time to open a hostel is spring-summer.;
Lack of competition. Many people think that a niche with zero competition is the most profitable. It is not always so. There are areas of activity that are not in demand on the market or are frankly unprofitable. Do not step on other people's rake.

Before starting trading, you need to thoroughly study all the parameters of the product, its strengths and weaknesses, choose the best one from the many options and only then order.

When you decide which store to open, the first thing to decide is how many and what product groups will be required.

For example, we decided to trade in equipment, but which one? Domestic? Digital? Computer? Or anyone - from multicookers to TVs? What is the competition in your niche?

If there is already nearby big store household appliances, it is hardly worth climbing on the rampage. But a specialized store selling, for example, built-in appliances, has every chance of success.

The size of the marketplace also matters. Before the first order, it is better to draw a layout plan commercial equipment to clearly understand where and what goods will stand.

It is useful to have some idea about buying habits.

For example, a plumbing store usually does not sell water heaters. Customers are more likely to look for it in an electronics store. This means that this product group is risky, you can afford it if you stand firmly on your feet.

Step 3. Business plan for opening a store

Drawing up a business plan seems to many to be a super-complicated procedure that only a graduate of the Faculty of Economics can do. In fact, everything is not so scary. You just need to answer a few simple questions:

Type of store and form of trade: Supermarket? Small basement store? 24/7 or not? Self-service or counters?
Location of the store and its competitiveness;
Who is the potential consumer? What goods do you need?
Investments: how much will be required at the initial stage? What kind of unexpected expenses may arise?
Zoning. If, for example, a grocery store, you need to understand where to place refrigeration equipment, where there will be utility rooms, where to hang air conditioners;
Staff: How many staff will you need and with what experience? Do they need uniforms?

Step 4. Finding a place to trade

The main rules for choosing the ideal retail location

Analyze the state of infrastructure in the area where you plan to open a retail outlet. Are the roads good? What natural beauties or cultural monuments can attract target audience. Is it convenient for the buyer to get to the store;
Find out what development plans the district administration has: building residential buildings, expanding the roadway, launching new public transport routes, etc.;
Analyze the type and density of development. The high density and predominance of medium-rise and high-rise buildings testify in favor of high purchasing power. Trading in low-rise buildings, even with high density, will require additional efforts to attract buyers;
Find out what products are in demand. This is not difficult. Construction and household goods are in trend in new microdistricts. But over time, the demand for them will fall. You need to think in advance how to replace them;
Conduct a competitive analysis. Which of the entrepreneurs in the area is able to attract the target audience;
Summarize the information, break the area into squares and choose the most suitable for the store.

Store space requirements

Requirements for retail space are developed taking into account business needs and safety rules. It is worth learning a few principles for designing a room for a store:

SNIPs and fire safety standards cannot be violated, even if you really want to. Yourself is more expensive;
Commodity and consumer flows should not intersect;
The simpler the layout, the better. If there is a need for redevelopment, you do not have to rack your brains much;
If an entrepreneur is new to business, he will definitely need a designer who will draw up a project for the future premises, a technologist who will take care of engineering communications and a merchandiser who will deal with the display of goods. Better to hire professionals.

Indoor repair

Color and light create an emotional microclimate in the store. Do not neglect these parameters. At the same time, colors should not distract the buyer from the main thing - the showcase.

The materials used for decoration are subject to special requirements: they should not be dust collectors, they should be easy to clean. The floor in stores is laid out with mosaics or ceramics in restrained colors.

Step 5. We select commercial equipment for the store

The choice of commercial equipment today is large and varied:

cash register equipment ( cash machine, pos-terminal, barcode scanner, bill counters, electronic scales);
refrigeration equipment (refrigeration display cases, cabinets, tables, chest freezers, confectionery display cases, racks, bonnets);
counter (it can be glass or "deaf");
shelving (shelves, cabinets, "hills", showcases);
baskets for goods, carts (in case you plan to open a self-service store);
mirrors;
dressing rooms.

Different types of businesses are suitable for different cash registers.

When you decide what equipment will be in the store, pay attention to its dimensions. Customers must have enough space to move around the store.

Step 6. Choosing suppliers

Suppliers must be chosen as carefully as employees. Things to consider:

Opportunities of the counterparty: you should understand how much goods will be needed per day, week, month, year. Then you need to make sure that the supplier is able to meet your requirements. It will not be superfluous to communicate with those who have already resorted to his services;
Guarantees - it is necessary to clearly clarify what, how, to what extent and in what form the supplier guarantees. This must be done before the conclusion of the contract. It is worth immediately clarifying how to return the goods in case of non-conditioning, in what terms claims are considered;
Price - For a business to be profitable, the purchase price must be profitable. Many contractors give discounts for large lots;
Where is the supplier, affects how quickly he can deliver the goods, as well as the cost of delivery;

Product quality- it can be evaluated by test samples. If they are not provided, it is worth purchasing a small trial batch.

Step 7. Choosing a taxation system

How to decide on the taxation system

The law allows the entrepreneur to choose from several options, each of which involves different conditions and the amount of taxes levied.

The Biznes.Ru commodity accounting program will automate accounting and tax reporting, always be aware of mutual settlements with suppliers, control cash flows in the company, and a personal calendar will remind you of important events.

DOS (General System of Taxation)

This is the regime with the highest tax burdens. For an LLC, these are income taxes (20%), VAT and property tax (up to 2.2%). Taxes for individual entrepreneurs - on income individuals- 13%; VAT and on the property of individuals at a rate of up to 2%.

Paying under the main system is beneficial for those who fall into the category of income tax beneficiaries. Everyone else is better off looking at other options.

USN (Simplified Taxation System)

There are two types: tax is paid on income at a rate of 6% or on income reduced by the amount of expenses at a rate of 15%.

Typically, stores use the simplified tax system "income - expenses", but it is better to choose based on marginality. If income is 40% or more of the cost of goods, it is better to pay at a rate of 6%, 35-40% - at a rate of 15%, less than 35% - again according to the first scheme.

Another plus of the simplified system is that you have to “surrender” once a year.

UTII (Single tax on imputed income)

Applies to stores with a hall area of not more than 150 square meters. From January 1, 2014, UTII can be applied throughout the country, but not in Moscow. A businessman gives as taxes 15% of the estimated income, which is imputed by the administration (government) every year.

In other words, no matter what the profit of the store, every quarter the entrepreneur gives a fixed amount.

PSN (Patent System of Taxation)

The simplest and most profitable. But only individual entrepreneurs with a staff of no more than 15 employees can apply it.

You can purchase a patent for a period of 1 to 12 months within one calendar year. The cost of a patent is calculated by the formula: potential annual income (each region has its own) * 6%.

Step 8. We register the activity and obtain the necessary permits

How to decide on the form of ownership

There are two forms to choose from: individual entrepreneur(IP) or a company with limited liability(OOO). Making an IP is more profitable both in terms of time and costs. You can work on it anywhere. LLC can operate only at the place of registration. In other cities, you will have to register branches.

Penalties for individual entrepreneurs are less, there is no need to keep accounts. It is easier to withdraw money from the account. But individual entrepreneurs are liable for debts with personal property, and LLC - only with authorized capital. If the store is large, it is better to choose an LLC, because. it has no restrictions on financial turnover.

Documents for registration of LLC + costs

Depending on whether there is one founder or several, the following documents will be required:

	One founder	Multiple founders
	Application form P11001 (1 copy.)	Application form P11001 (1 copy)
	The decision of the sole founder to establish an LLC (1 copy)	Minutes of the meeting of founders (1 copy)
		Establishment agreement (1 copy)
	Charter (1 copy)
	Step 11Securing the Store Fire alarm The type of alarm is selected in accordance with the size of the retail space, layout features, product and financial capabilities. Alarms are: Addressable with transmission of an alarm signal over a radio channel; Addressable with transmission of current signals via a wire loop; Analog, including heat and smoke detectors, as well as sensors for detecting open fire. Alarm button A panic button may be the only safety feature if the store is open 24/7. It can also complement the alarm and secure, if there is a physical guard. You need to place the button in the most inconspicuous place where you can instantly reach in case of danger. Usually it is attached under the cash register or showcase. There are two types of buttons: fixed and wireless. The wireless button can be carried in your pocket, which is very convenient. In addition, they can be made several and distributed to all employees. Surveillance cameras Today, surveillance cameras are even in small stores. They are helping: prevent theft; establish the fact of theft and identify the thief by record; supervise staff; find out why there was a shortage of goods. The camera must be chosen with a good resolution, such that it is tuned for a close-up display. Often the installation of cameras is accompanied by warning signs that the store is under video surveillance. This is additional insurance so that the thief thinks three times before stealing something. Step 12. Launch the store and analyze the results So, the repair is completed, the business plan is drawn up, the goods are purchased, the staff is hired, all the necessary permits are obtained, security equipment is installed. You can open. Some arrange a real holiday out of this: they decorate the facade, buy balloons, invite a presenter. This is possible, but not required. As soon as the store works for a month or two, you need to do some work on the bugs. Most likely, during this time there will be "hot" goods and those that sell poorly. It is necessary to remove illiquid assets from the shelves and focus on actual products. Why is store automation important? Translate store to auto mode service is worth it if trading area over 50 sq.m. At the same time, at least 30-35 sq.m. should be allocated for the display of goods. in one room. If you start from scratch, the cost will be 18,000 / sq. m. This amount includes all new equipment, that is, racks, refrigeration units, cash registers, product accounting program, video surveillance systems. Real costs will be lower if you partially use appliances and furniture from the old store.