Many start-up entrepreneurs at the initial stage, when registering their activities, face a lot of formal problems. For example, you need to open an LLC on your own, without the help of a lawyer. This procedure is simple, but without knowledge of the regulations, it is beyond the power of some people. Market legal services today it is developed enough to provide professional assistance in this area to everyone. Also created a lot of manuals that tell you how to open an LLC. The step-by-step instructions given in them are quite convenient, but most business people prefer to entrust the problem to specialized firms. As a rule, this is due to the desire to save time and avoid errors in documents.

OOO

First you need to define legal status future enterprise. It depends on several factors, this is, first of all, the form of tax and accounting, respectively, the types of taxes paid to the budgets of various levels. The most common form today commercial enterprise serves society with limited liability(OOO). In accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation, an LLC is a legal association that can be organized by both citizens (individuals) and enterprises. At the same time, the statutory share is distributed among business owners (founders), each of which bears economic responsibility only in the amount of its contribution.

"I want to open an LLC!"

Before starting this troublesome process, it will be useful to familiarize yourself with legislative acts regulating the work of the company in this status. This is the Federal Law "On Limited Liability Companies" No. FZ-14 dated February 08, 1998 and August 08, 2001 "On State Registration of Individual Entrepreneurs and Legal Entities". After studying these documents, many entrepreneurs will have a question: "How much does it cost to open an LLC with the help of a specialized company?" When comparing costs, it turns out that the amounts are approximately equal. which helps to open a turnkey LLC, get a seal, statistics codes, open a current account, will cost an average of 20 thousand rubles. Moreover, this price is average for the country, from Moscow to Vladivostok. When trying to open an LLC on your own, the amount of costs can be much higher, especially if you have to submit documents several times due to mistakes made.

Where can I register a company

Open an LLC in Moscow or Novosibirsk - only the owner can choose. The registration procedure, the list of documents, the sequence of actions are the same. The place of registration depends only on the legal address of the future company, respectively, it is necessary to contact the tax office of the registration area. You can open an LLC in another city quite simply by placing a production base there or renting a room for a central office. Many entrepreneurs optimize tax payments in this way. At the same time, the law does not regulate the number of organized companies, i.e. how many to open an LLC. In today's economy, holding companies are gaining ground. Production activities carried out by one organization, the second is engaged in retail, the third makes wholesale deliveries. This scheme is beneficial for entrepreneurs to optimize the tax burden.

How to open an LLC: step by step instructions

The main difficulty is the correct filling of a large number of documents, although, according to some entrepreneurs, this is a kind of school for the whole future activities. At the initial stage, everyone determines for himself what is more profitable for him: to pay for the result or to achieve it himself. So, to open an LLC on your own, you need to go through the following steps step by step.

Stage 1. Name

Not the most difficult, but the most responsible first step. We create a company, lay its foundation. First, the title. The owner's fantasy is limited only by the legislation of the Russian Federation, specifically by Article 1473 of the Civil Code, each paragraph of which contains a specific requirement for the name. A prerequisite is the indication of the form of ownership commercial organization(CJSC, LLC, OJSC). The use of the word "Russia" in the name in various variations is possible only with the consent of the Government of the Russian Federation, which will evaluate not only the scale and activities of the company, but a lot of parameters that are not related to commerce.

It is also necessary to remember that there is a full name of the company and its abbreviated counterpart. For use on letterheads and internal orders, a short version is sufficient, for example, Shmel LLC. In most constituent documents, it is required to indicate the full version, for example, Shmel Limited Liability Company.

At the initial stage, it is also necessary to determine the scope of the enterprise. The number of species is limited to 20. Accordingly, the selected OKVED codes will appear in registration documents.

Stage 2. Founders and capital

The number of founders (owners) of the business is determined. Depending on their equity participation and the size of the contribution, the authorized capital is formed. The number of participants depends on which LLC to open. There can be from 1 to 50, depending on the size and scope of activity. The amount of the cash or non-cash contribution of each co-owner is not regulated, the law establishes only the lower limit of the size of the authorized (share) capital - 10 thousand rubles.

The share can be paid in cash, assets (property), working capital. At the same time, non-cash funds are necessarily subject to an independent assessment. Based on its results, the monetary value is determined, which is the amount of the contribution. If there are several owners, then the general meeting selects a director, who is not necessarily a member of the founders. The order on his appointment and the minutes of the meeting are additional documents to the charter of the company.

Stage 3. Address

The LLC to be created must have legal address. If one of the founders owns a non-residential premises or office suitable for the company's activities, then it may appear as a place of permanent registration. In the case of renting space, a letter of guarantee from the owner (landlord) with confirmation and a lease agreement drawn up in the form approved by regulatory enactments will be required. Registration of an LLC is possible at the address of the place of permanent residence of the director (or CEO). In this case, a copy of the passport is provided.

Stage 4. Charter

Creation of the charter of the future company is a very important issue. This document is the basis for state registration (registration) of an LLC as a legal entity. The charter of the enterprise must contain the following positions:

Name (full and abbreviated).
Address (legal required, actual optional).
Management bodies, decision-making procedure, documentation.
Statutory (reserve) fund, composition, size, procedure for increasing and decreasing, transfer of shares to third parties.
The composition of the founders, the procedure for the entry of new members, the withdrawal from the membership of the company.

The charter is printed in 2 copies, must be signed, numbered, stapled and certified.

Stage 5. Taxation system

The value of this item is very high for the financial activities of the future company. It is necessary to determine the taxation system for work. Tax and accounting, types and procedures for reporting, fees that the company is required to pay - all this depends on the chosen regime (USN, KSNO, UTII). As a rule, at this stage, consultation of the chief accountant, if he has already been hired, or a specialist auditor is required to establish the entire system and optimize it.

The final item of the preparatory stage is the payment of the state fee. It can be made through any branch of Sberbank, its size today is 4 thousand rubles. Before submitting the documents, the original receipt for the deposit of funds must be attached to them.

Stage 6. Documents

The next step in registering a company is to collect a package of documents and submit them for processing to the tax office. law firms and outsourcing companies can tell you in detail how to open an LLC. Step-by-step instructions at this stage provide for the collection of the following papers:

Charter of the company (2 copies).
Decision (agreement) on the establishment of the company, protocol general meeting(in case of several founders).
The composition of the owners.
Statement application form registration (in the form P11001). The signature is notarized.
Orders (instructions) on the appointment of the chief accountant and director (general) of the organization.
Letter of guarantee when renting a building - the bearer of a legal address.
Receipt confirming the deposit of funds for registration.
Statement of the applicable taxation regime, if the simplified tax system is used.

You can prepare the above documents for free using this service.

Stage 7. Check

Stitched, certified documents should be carefully reviewed again. If an employee of the tax inspectorate finds an error, then the registration of the enterprise will not take place. All work will need to be carried out again, while the paid state fee is non-refundable. Next inning complete package documents must contain a new receipt for the transfer of funds.

When opening an LLC through a specialized company, the package of documents is finalized free of charge. In this case, the errors are eliminated at the expense of the company with which the contract for the provision of relevant legal services has been concluded. The tax inspectorate specialist is obliged to issue a receipt with a complete list of documents received for processing. The date of receipt of registration certificates is also indicated there, if there are no questions to the papers provided.

Stage 8. Receipt of documents

The official processing time for documents is 5 days (working). After that, the applicant must contact a specialist and get a decision. In case of refusal of registration, the reason is indicated in the official document. We start the process anew, correct the shortcomings and re-solve the issue of how to open an LLC. The step-by-step instructions above will help you with this. With a positive decision, the following documents are issued:

legal entity (LLC).
Certificate (assignment of TIN to the organization) on tax registration.
Charter, certified by the tax office.
Extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities.

Stage 9. Registration

After registering in local branch the tax inspectorate must register the LLC with all relevant funds and in the statistics department. Statistical codes assigned after the presentation of the Charter, an up-to-date extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, TIN, PSRN, are used to open a current account for the enterprise. At the moment it works, so there is no need to go to extra-budgetary funds on your own. The tax office must issue a notice of registration of the enterprise with the FSS, PF and the health insurance fund. If one of the documents is missing, then you will have to visit this department yourself. You must have all the papers issued by the tax office and a passport proving the identity of the applicant with you.

Step 10. Print

We can say that the registration was successful. Certificates of registration in all non-budgetary funds have been received, the organization is registered as a taxpayer, you can proceed to the final stage. We create the seal of LLC. Today, the service is widespread, when contacting the appropriate workshop, each company will be offered several options for official and round seals, not to mention additional stamps. Moreover, if kept strictly, business style(name, details, company codes), then seals for internal use may contain a company logo, which gives scope for the owner's imagination.

Stage 11. Accounts

Where to open an account for an LLC? For most entrepreneurs, this issue is not difficult. Of course, you need to have partnership and business relations with the bank, which are built on trust. In this case, the reputation of the financial institution, its technical equipment, the location of the nearest office (branch), the fee for servicing settlement, currency and special accounts play an important role.

Particular attention should be paid to customer support. A modern, convenient, high-speed program serviced by the bank's technical services should work. You should be able to obtain appropriate specialist advice at any time without any problems. The choice of a credit institution is currently quite large, so any recently registered entity has a wide selection. The legislation of the Russian Federation does not limit companies in the number of accounts, therefore, if such a need is seen, several settlement or special service units can be opened in different banks.

Stage 12. Final moment

After opening one or more settlement accounts, it is necessary to provide all information about it to the tax office and funds within seven days (7 working days). In case of violation of the deadlines by the state authorities, penalties may be imposed. If a new company headed by the director independently successfully passed all the tests of Russian legislation and bureaucratic red tape, then it has a huge potential for development. It turned out to open an LLC on your own, it remains to wish you success in your professional activities!

Looking for an answer to the question of how to start your own business from scratch? Read our practical advice and be financially independent.

Many people are dissatisfied with their work, bosses, working conditions, salary.

And now those who want cardinal changes in their lives, over time, begin to ask themselves in search of an answer to the question: how to start a business from scratch.

But not everyone can realize this idea.

Someone lacks desire, someone lacks knowledge and support, and someone, corny, start-up capital.

But still, it is so important that thoughts about starting your own business remain not just dreams, but begin to turn into concrete actions.

Therefore, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with our recommendations that will help you deal with this issue.

How to start a business from scratch and what is the situation in the business?

First of all, it is worth saying a few words about the situation that has developed in the field of small business and individual entrepreneurship.

personal funds and savings;
credit;
investors.

The most optimal source of start-up capital is own funds and savings.

If at the moment there is extra money and the whole organization of the future business has already been thought out, then you can start implementing the idea at any desired time.

If these are not, then they will have to be earned.

There are two options here - sell unnecessary property or earn money and accumulate it.

Therefore, in this matter, you need to rely on your patience, because it will take some time to receive the required amount.

If we talk about credit, then it will always be associated with risks, especially for beginners.

Features of the loan are as follows:

registration of liquid collateral (real estate, car);
it is necessary to hire an expert who can evaluate the collateral;
making insurance payments;
monthly pay the body and interest of the loan;
if the case “burns out”, you can lose the property that was pledged.

Based on the above, a loan is not just a return of the funds taken and interest, but also a strong emotional burden on a novice businessman.

And that's not the best way to get it. Money for beginners who decided to start their own business from scratch.

The third option for obtaining start-up capital involves the search for investors.

In order to reach them, you need to look for intermediaries who are engaged in start-ups, and specifically, crowdfunding.

To do this, you must put together a compelling business plan and be willing to share your earnings with your investor.

A few practical tips for everyone who wants to start their own business from scratch:

If at the moment there is no starting capital, as well as a desire to take funds on credit, then it is better to earn them, but there is a desire to start a business from scratch, we suggest you get a job related to your planned business.

Firstly, you will receive a reward from which you can save the amount you need, and secondly, you will get to know the “kitchen” from the inside.

If your business is not particularly tied to the office, then save on it.

Business meetings can be held on neutral territory - restaurants, rented meeting rooms.

Promote your business on the Internet, namely in social networks.

Do not neglect the detailed preparation of a business plan.

This is the foundation of the business, and the slightest mistake can cost the entire amount of capital.

It's better to factor in large expenses or include an item with unexpected costs.

When drawing up a business plan, many advise starting with a profit calculation.

Thus, you can immediately determine the scope of the business.

To start your business from scratch, use your connections.

Firstly, it will help promote your business, and secondly, perhaps in this way you will find future partners.

Calculate several forecasts at once: profit, break-even and losses.

So, if you're thinking, how to start a business from scratch, you must understand that this is not an easy job that can be done in the shortest possible time.

In addition to a great desire, you must have patience, because it will take time to receive start-up capital for starting a business, as well as the profit itself.

Communicate with people, study the basics of economics, follow the law, and you will succeed.

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Register as individual entrepreneur any resident can Russian Federation over 18 years of age. Minors from 14 to 18 years old can also do this, but only with the consent of their parents, and, in this case, they will need additional documents.

2. What documents are needed for registration of IP?

original passport (notarized copies of all pages of the passport, if you submit documents by mail or through a representative, as well as if you apply through the My Documents public services center);
copies of all pages of the passport;
Please note: if you are applying in person, by mail or through a representative, the application must be completed but not signed; the signature on the application is put in the presence of a tax inspector when submitting documents or in the presence of a notary."> completed application for state registration of an individual as an individual entrepreneur (form No. Р21001);
a receipt for payment of the state duty (using the service on the website of the Federal Tax Service, you can generate a receipt for its payment at any bank or pay online);
a notarized power of attorney for a representative (if you submit documents through a representative);
For an applicant aged 14 to 18, one of the following documents is additionally required:
- notarized consent of parents (legal representatives) to exercise entrepreneurial activity a person registered as an individual entrepreneur;
- a copy of the marriage certificate by the person registered as an individual entrepreneur;
- a copy of the decision of the guardianship and guardianship authority or a copy of the court decision declaring a person registered as an individual entrepreneur as fully capable.
"> additional documents
if a minor between the ages of 14 and 18 is registered as an individual entrepreneur.

Note! From January 1, 2019, when sending documents for state registration in electronic form, including through the My Documents public services center and a notary, it is not necessary to pay a state fee.

3. Where can I submit documents?

You can register as an individual entrepreneur at the place of registration indicated in the passport. If the place of registration is not indicated in the passport, then state registration IP can be carried out at the place of residence. You can apply:

personally or through a representative to the interdistrict inspection of the Federal Tax Service of Russia No. 46. You can make an appointment online on the website of the Federal Tax Service;
online using a special service on the website of the Federal Tax Service. In this case, you will need a qualified;
by mail with a declared value and an inventory of the attachment to the address: 125373, Moscow, Pokhodny proezd, house 3, building 2, Interdistrict Federal Tax Service of Russia No. 46 for the city of Moscow. Within the territory of Moscow, documents can also be sent and received via DHL Express and Pony Express;
through a notary in the form of electronic documents signed by an enhanced qualified electronic signature(notary services are paid).

If you are registered at the place of residence in the Central, Southwestern or Northeastern administrative districts, an application for registration of an individual entrepreneur can also be submitted at the My Documents public services center:

residents of the Basmanny district - in the center of public services "My Documents" of the Basmanny district at the address: Tsentrosoyuzny lane, house 13, building 3;
residents of all districts of the Central Administrative District (including Basmanny) - in the center of public services "My Documents" of district significance in the Central Administrative District at the address: Presnenskaya embankment, house 2, shopping and entertainment complex "Afimall City";
residents of the SWAD - in the center of public services "My Documents" of district significance in the SWAD at the address: Novoyasenevsky Prospect, Building 1, shopping and entertainment center "Spektr";
residents of the North-East Administrative District - in the center of public services "My Documents" of urban significance at the address: Mira Avenue, house 119, building 71, pavilion of the All-Russian Exhibition Center No. 71.

4. When will the documents be ready?

The term for consideration of the application is 3 working days. You can find out if the documents are ready at the Interdistrict Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service of Russia No. 46 or online using a special service on the website of the Federal Tax Service.

You can receive ready-made documents by e-mail, by paper letter by mail, as well as at Inspectorate No. 46 (in person or through a representative) - depending on which method you indicated when submitting the application.

Note! Certificates of registration of individual entrepreneurs from January 1, 2017 are not issued. Based on the results of registration, you will receive a record sheet of the Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs (EGRIP) and a notice of registration individual at the tax authority.

5. How to restore a certificate of registration of IP?

From January 1, 2017, certificates of registration of individual entrepreneurs are not issued. The Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs is maintained in electronic form. You can only get the USRIP record sheet:

in electronic form (registration is required on the website of the Federal Tax Service);
on paper.

Providing EGRIP information online is free. To obtain an EGRIP entry sheet on paper, you will need to pay a state duty, as well as submit the following documents:

identity document;
written request (drawn up in any form);
a receipt for payment of the state duty (using the service on the website of the Federal Tax Service, you can generate a receipt for its payment at any bank or pay online).

You can submit documents to the Interdistrict Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service of Russia No. 46. Appointments can be made online on the FTS website.

You can also get information from the USRIP record sheet, for this you need to submit documents to.

6. Do I need to inform the tax office about changes in personal registration data?

If you have changed your surname, registration at the place of residence, passport, then you do not need to report this to the tax office. If it is necessary to change other data in the register (for example, you stopped doing one type of economic activity and started doing another), then you need to report this to the tax office. Documents must be submitted within three working days from the date of change of information.

To make changes you will need:

an application for amendments to the information about an individual entrepreneur contained in the Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs (form No. Р24001);
copies of documents on the basis of which changes will be made.

Documents can be submitted:

personally or through a representative by a notarized power of attorney to the interdistrict inspection of the Federal Tax Service of Russia No. 46. You can make an appointment online on the website of the Federal Tax Service;
by mail with a declared value and an inventory of the attachment to the address: 125373, Moscow, Pokhodny proezd, house 3, building 2, Interdistrict Federal Tax Service of Russia No. 46 for the city of Moscow. (within Moscow, documents can also be sent and received via DHL Express and Pony Express);
online using a special service on the website of the Federal Tax Service. In this case, you will need a qualified one.

It will be possible to receive the USRIP record sheet in 5 working days by mail or at inspection No. 46 (in person or through a representative), depending on which method you indicated when submitting the application.

How to open a restaurant from scratch and how much money do you need for this? Step by step instructions

Despite the vast territory, our country lags far behind the states of Eastern and Western Europe in terms of the number of points Catering. For example, in Poland the number of such institutions is almost twice as much, and in Spain - almost six times. According to experts, even despite the unstable economic situation, the Russian catering market has a high rate of development and is one of the most promising for business. So, the average payback in this segment is considered to be 1-3 years, which is an excellent indicator.

In this regard, many of our fellow citizens are thinking about opening their own catering establishments. In the article, we will try to answer questions about how to open your own restaurant, cafe or bar, where to start and what steps you need to go through to achieve this goal.

I want to open a restaurant: where to start?

It is worth deciding what type of institution (at least approximately) you are going to open:

By format. A bar, a canteen, fast food, a family cafe, a fashionable restaurant, an institution "for your own" - the choice is wide. As practice shows, novice businessmen most often “succeed” in classic city cafes, without the difficulties and features inherent in all target establishments.
By price level. This criterion is often, but not always dependent on the previous one. Usually, one of the significant restrictions here is the budget of a novice restaurateur: the higher the level of the institution, the greater the cost of opening it. Experts do not recommend business newcomers to start with expensive restaurants - the public is very demanding, investments and risks are too high. The best solution would be to open a democratic casual establishment.
By type of cuisine. Usually, both the interior and the desired location of the institution depend on the type of cuisine. Japanese, Russian, Italian, Georgian or maybe exotic Peruvian? Here, experts recommend not complicating your task and choosing the one that you understand: for beginners, the concepts of Russian or uncomplicated European cuisine are good.
By the maximum number of guests. The cost of arranging an institution is directly proportional to the number of seats. No matter how great the temptation to open a large restaurant at once, it is better to limit yourself to a room for 30-80 guests.

The public catering market of Russia, despite the crises, continues its development. Thus, in 2014 its volume increased by 8.3%, and the turnover reached 1.2 trillion rubles. Despite a slight decline in 2015, experts are talking about the inevitable further growth of indicators and the achievement by 2017 of a turnover of 2 trillion rubles.

So, at the moment, almost all experienced restaurateurs recommend that beginners open establishments in the format of a “democratic” cafe or restaurant that serves local, European or mixed cuisine and alcohol. The hall should be designed for the average number of visitors.

It should be remembered that circumstances can make the most unexpected adjustments to the plans: after calculations, the estimated costs will exceed the possibilities, the rented premises will not fit the original concept, but will be perfect in everything else. Therefore, it is optimal to think over several concepts that suit the style of the institution and the type of cuisine and be ready to make some changes to the planned menu and pricing policy.

How much does it cost to open a restaurant?

The answer to the question about the cost of opening a restaurant from scratch will directly depend on its features, identified in the previous section.

The total amount is made up of several items:

rent/purchase/construction of premises. If we consider an institution with 50 seats, then renting a room (presumably 150–200 m2) will cost from 200,000 rubles per month. In this case, you will have to immediately pay at least two months plus a deposit, that is, from 600,000 thousand rubles. In the central regions of megacities and in large shopping malls the amount can increase by 3-10 times. Construction or purchase of premises, of course, will cost significantly more, but do not forget that these will not be fixed costs;
paperwork- from 300,000 rubles, depending on the specifics of the institution, during the construction of a building for a restaurant - several times higher;
design and engineering on average, they will cost about 2,000 rubles per m?, that is, from 300,000 rubles for our premises;
repair- the costs will depend on the complexity of the design and the initial state of the premises. On average, about 3,000 rubles per m?, which means - from 450,000 rubles for the calculated area;
furniture- the required minimum of chairs, tables, sofas, as well as a waiter's station and a bar counter will cost from 300,000 rubles;
kitchen equipment and utensils- in order to supply the institution with the necessary number of high-quality professional tools, equipment and utensils for storing, preparing and serving dishes, as well as for washing the above, you will need an amount of 1,500,000 rubles;
crockery and serving items, designed to serve 50 guests, will cost from 350,000 rubles;
primary purchase of food and alcohol usually costs from 200,000 rubles;
staff uniform- an optional, but desirable element, part of the corporate identity. When buying a minimum set of clothes for waiters and cooks, you should count on the amount of 50,000 rubles.

In total, the total amount of all payments will be about 4,000,000 rubles. If we add to this the cost of special software, installing terminals for waiters (R-Keeper), printing menus, creating a company website, conducting advertising campaigns, we can count on an amount of 4,500,000 or more.

In addition to one-time expenses, the restaurateur will face fixed costs:

rent (if the premises are rented);
wage;
communal payments;
telephony, Internet;
buying groceries, alcohol;
advertising costs.

What documents are needed to open a restaurant?

The organization of a public catering enterprise is one of the most difficult types of business in terms of collecting documents. The list of papers required for the legal operation of the restaurant includes more than a hundred items, and in different regions the list of required permits may differ. Therefore, most entrepreneurs, in order to save time and money, prefer to contact companies that draw up the necessary documentation on a turnkey basis.

The first step when opening any type of establishment is to register a legal entity. The most popular and convenient form for restaurants is considered to be the “LLC” form. Availability of complete package of constituent documents and lease agreements(or certificate of ownership of the premises) is mandatory at all stages of further approval.

Also, to open an institution you will need:

the conclusion of the SES on the compliance of the institution with sanitary standards;
conclusion of the Ministry of Emergency Situations on compliance with fire safety standards;
the presence of a registered cash register;
contracts for disinfestation, deratization and garbage disposal;
agreement on security, on the connection of a security alarm(to obtain a license to sell alcohol).

And this is just the basic package of necessary documents. The owner of the establishment should be aware of the many nuances, without which the activity of the establishment may be illegal.

Development of a business plan: stage 1

As you know, when opening a new business, including a restaurant, it is necessary to draw up a business plan from scratch. This is a kind of "scheme" for creating a future enterprise with the calculation of planned costs and income, analysis of profitability and other indicators.

Usually there are two types of business planning: for external and internal use.

The first is required by those who are going to attract to their enterprise borrowed funds- loan or investment. In this case, the best choice would be to turn to special organizations: it is quite difficult for a non-professional to convince investors or banking organizations of the return on investment. Those who are still going to create a document on their own should take into account that it is better to do this after having already received data on the premises, the number of staff and the size of the salary fund, traffic, and also having finally approved the concept of the institution.

Another thing is an internal business plan, which is necessary for any entrepreneur to understand the prospects for creating a business. The document usually contains the following chapters:

name and general description of the project: planned concept, area of the premises, number of staff, type of kitchen and pricing policy;
approximate range of products;
preliminary cost estimate for opening;
estimated monthly expenses (rent including utilities and communications, salary fund, procurement costs);
calculation of time costs for each stage before the opening of the institution;
planned financial indicators;
calculation of return on investment.

It makes sense to draw up an initial business plan at the very early stage of opening a restaurant - by analyzing the market as a whole, competitors of a similar format, as well as statistical data. Then the indicators will need to be adjusted in accordance with the realities.

Selection and repair of premises: stage 2

Finding a place for a future restaurant often becomes a headache. Experts recommend approaching this issue with the utmost care, often citing a quote from Italian restaurateur and chef Marciano Palli: “First place - place, second place - place, third place - place, fourth place - place, fifth place - kitchen".

The general rule of profitability is this: the lower the average bill of a cafe, the higher its attendance should be. If the most expensive places in the world can afford to be located far from civilization, good gastronomic restaurants can be found in the courtyards of the central districts of the city, then middle-class cafes should choose busy streets, and fast food should look for places in large shopping centers and train stations.

However, not only traffic is important, but also the correspondence of the potential audience to the level of the institution. This applies to both pricing policy and cuisine features. So, for example, it is appropriate to locate a vegetarian cafe near a large yoga center, and a budget restaurant of Pan-Asian cuisine near the market. Because of all these subtleties, experienced entrepreneurs start creating the concept of a restaurant after renting a room: there are not so many suitable sites in any city, and an institution of any format can be successful, if there is demand.

After the lease, the question of repair inevitably arises and often redevelopment. Here it is better to trust experienced designers and planners - this will help to avoid many mistakes common to beginners. It is not worth reminding that the style of a restaurant should correspond to its concept, and it is extremely rare to create an ideal interior without the help of a specialist.

Purchase of equipment, furniture and utensils: stage 3

As a rule, all equipment for the kitchen area is selected in agreement with the chef: it is he who orders the tools and equipment necessary for work, taking into account the proposed menu. Furniture and serving utensils are chosen according to the general concept of style. The number of dishes usually corresponds to the maximum number of seats, multiplied by 2 or even 3 - that is, for 50 guests there should be 100-150 plates, cutlery and glasses of each type.

It is better to buy inventory in specialized stores that supply equipment for restaurants: firstly, here all tools and utensils can be purchased at wholesale prices, secondly, such organizations provide installation and warranty repair services for equipment, and thirdly, in case of loss or damage to serving items, you can easily buy similar ones.

When arranging furniture, it is better to turn to professionals - designers or suppliers - they will offer a competent and beautiful solution.

Computerization: stage 4

It is difficult to imagine a modern restaurant without production and accounting programs, personnel control. You can develop your own software, but there are a sufficient number of ready-made packages on the market.

The most popular of them are: R-Keeper, 1C: Catering, POS Sector. They fully coordinate the work in the establishment: the waiter sends the order through the terminal to the kitchen, the chef sees the list of dishes to be prepared on a special monitor, after the calculation all the ingredients are written off from the warehouse according to the calculation card, income and expenses are recorded for accounting. And this is only a small part of the possible functions of such software: in addition, many programs are able to take orders directly from customers’ smartphones, collect and store the history of purchases of discount card holders, use special controllers to record the number of drinks poured in a bar ... In a word, the cost of programs for a restaurant fully justify themselves, and a novice businessman simply cannot do without special software.

Recruitment: stage 5

Of course for hire the right people it is better to contact specialized agencies, but with a limited budget, you can handle it yourself. When recruiting dishwashers and cleaners, an interview is usually enough, but when hiring buyers, waiters and administrators, it is worth studying their work experience and recommendations, but it is advisable to personally verify the skills of a chef, cooks and bartenders. Chef , as a rule, is selected at the stage of approval of the final concept of the institution. An essential part of success will depend on this worker. Not only culinary talents are important, but also understanding target audience, the key idea of the restaurant. Candidates for the position cooks most often selected personally by the chef.

How many employees are needed for the normal functioning of the institution? The answer will depend on the size and format of the establishment. Since we are focusing on a small restaurant of a democratic level, an approximate list of personnel will be as follows:

Chef;
cook (for 50 guests per shift, 2–5 cooks will be enough);
bartender / barista (for small restaurants, one per shift is enough;
dishwasher;
purchaser;
administrator/hostess;
waiters - as a rule, one waiter can serve up to 10–15 guests (accordingly, there should be 3–5 such employees in the shift of our establishment);
cleaning woman;
accountant (you can limit yourself to "coming").

A common mistake entrepreneurs make is trying to embody their own ideal picture of the enterprise in the business: in the case of a restaurant, service, interior and cuisine. You should not be guided by your own tastes - after all, not only you and your friends will visit the cafe and restaurant.

Menu planning and supplier selection: stage 6

The stage of menu development coincides in time with the stage of the final approval of the concept. Usually one of the main participants in this process is the chef: he creates a list of planned dishes, and the owner or manager evaluates them in terms of attractiveness, taste and cost of ingredients.

The selection of suppliers is carried out by the head of the restaurant or the purchasing manager: they analyze the market of goods, choosing in each segment of the company, the best in terms of "price-quality-reliability". Almost no establishment is limited to one supplier, usually there are 7-10 of them: firstly, the conditions for each group of products should be considered separately, and secondly, it is better to provide some kind of “backup” source, especially for rare ingredients.

Advertising: stage 7

To convey information about their institution to customers, entrepreneurs usually use a set of measures:

ordering a sign that reflects the type and concept of the establishment;
placement of billboards and signs;
creation and promotion of the site;
registration on various specialized portals (“Afisha”, etc.) and opening accounts in social networks;
advertising in the press;
distribution of leaflets, brochures, etc.

The launch of an advertising campaign takes place shortly before the opening of the restaurant or immediately after. A set of events is selected depending on the intended target audience: for casual establishments, distribution of leaflets and PR on the Internet is well suited, for restaurants of an expensive format - placement of information in specialized publications.

Opening a restaurant is an extremely difficult task. It is especially difficult for beginners: they have to take into account a lot of nuances and make many mistakes before they begin to understand the "kitchen" of the kitchen. Therefore, many novice restaurateurs seek help from specialists - companies that are ready to help in creating a successful establishment.

So, you have decided to open your own business project and become an individual entrepreneur. In this article, we will discuss what is needed to open an IP. Some believe that the opening of an IP begins with registration. But this is an incorrect statement. First of all, to open an IP, you need to think through all the details of creating your project and possible options for its further development, draw up a business plan, and only then prepare for registration of an IP with the Federal Tax Service.

Opening conditions

According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, any adult and capable citizen of the Russian Federation or a citizen of another country who permanently resides in the territory of the Russian Federation can become an individual entrepreneur.

“What do you need to open an IP for people under the age of 18?” is a question that is often asked by teenagers who want to start their own business. There are extenuating circumstances for such cases. So, it is allowed to issue an IP at the age of 16 years and older, if a person is recognized as capable by a court decision or authorized guardianship authorities.

Also, an individual entrepreneur can become a teenager from 14 to 16 years old, if his parents have given written consent to this.

It is forbidden to register as an individual entrepreneur for employees of security agencies and the prosecutor's office, military personnel, state and municipal employees.

How to prepare for registration - requirements

Let's take a look at what is needed to open an IP in the Federal Tax Service and where it is necessary to start paperwork. There are two options for resolving this issue. The first is to collect and execute all the documents on your own, the second is to use the services of companies that specialize in this. To be honest, the difference in money is not very big, and the registration procedure is not so troublesome. Below we propose to get acquainted with the basic requirements for IP.

Documents for opening an IP

One of the most important conditions for opening an IP is the availability of the necessary documentation. The package of documents for opening an IP consists of:

Applications for opening an IP in the form P21001 (in one copy; if the application is submitted in person, then notarization is not required).
A receipt confirming the payment of the state duty - 800 rubles (this amount is an integral part of the cost of opening an IP).
Copies of the main page and the page with a residence permit from the passport (you will also need to present the original);
Copies of the TIN (again, when showing the original, but this document is not mandatory, the main thing is to indicate the TIN correctly, if it has been assigned to you, in the application; if you have not received the TIN yet, it does not matter: they will assign it to you and issue a certificate along with documents confirming the registration of IP);
Applications in the form 26.2-1 (this is an application for the transition to a simplified taxation system, you can submit it within thirty days after the USRIP entry sheet).

The last application in the list of documents for opening an IP is not mandatory and is submitted only at the request of the future IP.

If you do not submit documents in person, but through a representative or send them by mail, it is necessary that the signatures on the application and copies are notarized.

For persons who do not have Russian citizenship, necessary document to open an individual entrepreneur is a copy of the certificate of his place of residence.

Rules and procedure for registration of IP

The procedure begins with an application for opening an IP

I would like to dwell on some points regarding filling out an application in the form P21001. It indicates the address of the enterprise and the home address of the individual entrepreneur, phone numbers and data from the passport. After filling out the application on its reverse side, you must sign, this must be done at the tax office in the presence of a tax inspector or at a notary public if you do not plan to submit documents for registration in person.

One of the fields for filling out this document (Sheet A) is OKVED (All-Russian Classifier of Types of Economic Activity), which indicates your types of activity. It is advisable to write more possible classifiers, because if you want to expand your field of activity, and the desired classifier is not listed, then you will have to pay for a new type of activity and wait about five days for its introduction.

Sheet B of the application is filled in at the tax office and returned to the applicant.

An example of a completed application for registration of IP

How to avoid filling errors

Attentiveness and knowledge will always help to avoid mistakes when filling out any documents. But if you wish, you can always play it safe and turn to specialistswho will not only tell you what documents are needed for registering an individual entrepreneur, but also help you draw them up correctly, and, if necessary, represent your interests in communicating with the tax authorities.

However, such services cost money, not very much, but for a novice entrepreneur, such expenses are often not very appropriate. Although there are two opposite points of view on this.

Firstly, many are sure that it is better to entrust the process of registering an individual entrepreneur to professionals who will take care of paperwork and visits to authorities. At the same time, in case of any troubles, such as refusal to register, professionals will be liable to the applicant.

Second, don't lesser number beginners and existing entrepreneurs are sure that the documents necessary for registering an individual entrepreneur must be prepared and submitted to the Federal Tax Service on their own. Representatives of this position firmly believe that this is the only way to become a real businessman, who from the very beginning should rely only on himself.

Everyone is right about something, but everyone chooses for himself the option that is most acceptable: the main thing is that the documents are always in order.

Where and when can I register a sole proprietorship

After collecting all the documents, you must contact the tax authorities. An employee of the Federal Tax Service will check the documentation you have collected and provide a list of the documents you submitted for opening an IP, as well as inform you when it will be possible to pick up the finished USRIP record sheet (according to the law, up to five days).

On the appointed day, you will need to come again to the Federal Tax Service, receive a sheet of entry from the Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs, and also sign in the journal about their receipt. As you can see, the term for issuing an IP is not so long.

Online check-in

The procedure for registering an individual entrepreneur has been greatly simplified in connection with the opening of an online registration resource. An absolute plus is that there is no need to go to a notary, fill out a paper form, pay a state fee, standing idle in long and tedious queues.

To register, on the website of the tax service, you need to go through a simple procedure.

Filling out required fields concerning the last name, first name, patronymic, identification number and passport data, we form an application, which also needs to be filled out.

In addition to personal data, it is necessary to indicate the OKVED code.

For those wishing to pay through the bank "in the old fashioned way", a receipt is generated for paying the state fee for registering an entrepreneur. Those who have bank cards or know how to pay from a mobile phone will not have to leave their homes at all. The amount of payment at the moment is 800 rubles.

After payment, you should wait for confirmation that the payment has reached the address, and the application has been accepted. Together with him should come to the address Email notification of when you need to come to the Federal Tax Service to complete the registration procedure. To do this, you need to take with you only your passport and the original payment receipt (if the payment went through a bank).

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